A Word Probably Derived From Latin

Public prototype of one's personality

A persona (plural personae or personas), depending on the context, is the public epitome of one'due south personality, or the social role that ane adopts, or a fictional grapheme.^[one] The word derives from Latin, where information technology originally referred to a theatrical mask.^[2] On the social web, users develop virtual personas as online identities.

Etymology [edit]

The Latin word probably derived from the Etruscan give-and-take "phersu", with the same meaning, and that from the Greek πρόσωπον (prosōpon). Its pregnant in the latter Roman catamenia changed to indicate a "character" of a theatrical functioning or court of police,^{[ commendation needed ]} when information technology became apparent that dissimilar individuals could assume the aforementioned role and that legal attributes such as rights, powers, and duties followed the role. The same individuals as actors could play different roles, each with its own legal attributes, sometimes even in the same court advent. According to other sources, which also acknowledge that the origin of the term is not completely articulate, persona could be related to the Latin verb per-sonare, literally: sounding through, with an obvious link to the above-mentioned theatrical mask, which often incorporated a small megaphone.

In psychology [edit]

Co-ordinate to Carl Jung and the Jungian psychology, the persona is also the mask or appearance 1 presents to the world.^[3] It may announced in dreams nether various guises. People may choose to article of clothing a social mask or use a persona to make themselves appear more than socially desirable. This is used to impress potential partners or to make new friends.^[4]

People tin have multiple personas that they use in various situations; this tin can include work, being with friends, at abode, etc. Depending on the individual's circumstance, a persona which they consider stronger inside their specific social situation tin can be created because they put a higher emphasis on social interactions. Carl Jung warned about using personas too much, fearing that one might lose their ain individuality to their persona. A study has shown that this tin can be truthful to an extent, when taking a individual self-rating test, there is a high correlation betwixt how a person rates themselves and how they nowadays themselves in public. It is difficult to tell if people are accurately filling out the test or answering what they find desirable.^[4]

In a written report written by Danielle Jackson, she argues that a person's persona can range in healthiness. The more healthy a persona is, the more socially adequate and consequent that person remains. Withal, once a person starts to believe they are their persona, information technology can have agin furnishings on their personality.^[5] James Hillman believed that once a person loses their identity to a persona, they go an archetypal effigy. By losing their "ego", their persona becomes their personality in an archetypal form. Withal, when this occurs, the person becomes unstable and they are unable to act outside their formed persona. ^[5]

In literature [edit]

In literature, the term generally refers to a character established by an writer, one in whose vocalism all or office of a narrative takes place. Poets such as Robert Browning, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot are strongly associated with such narrative voices, every bit is the writer Luigi Pirandello. These writers understood the term slightly differently and derived its utilise and significant from unlike traditions. Examples of Eliot's personae were Prufrock and Sweeney. Pound developed such characters as Cino, Bertran de Built-in, Propertius, and Mauberley in response to figures in Browning's dramatic monologues. Whereas Eliot used "masks" to distance himself from aspects of mod life which he found degrading and repulsive, Pound's personae were frequently poets and could be considered in good part alter-egos. For Pound, the personae were a manner of working through a specific poetic problem. In this sense, the persona is a transparent mask, wearing the traits of two poets and responding to two situations, one-time and new, which are similar and overlapping.

In literary analysis, any narrative vocalization that speaks in the outset person and appears to define a item character is often referred to equally a persona. Information technology is contrasted with a third-person narrative phonation, generally taken to exist more objective and impersonal. There are borderline cases, such as the "nosotros" that occurs late in Edwin Arlington Robinson's poem and functions something like a chorus in a Greek tragedy, but in general any identifiable narrator whose point of view or manner of speaking clearly distinguishes him or her from the author is considered a literary persona.

In fan fiction and in online stories, the personas may specially reflect the authors' self-insertion.

In music [edit]

Usually, the performers assume a role that matches the music they sing on stage, though they may also exist composers. Many performers make apply of a persona. Some artists create various characters, specially if their career is long and they go through many changes over time. For example, David Bowie initially adopted a part equally alien messenger Ziggy Stardust, and afterwards equally The Sparse White Duke.^[6] More than just artistic pseudonyms, the personae are independent characters used in the artist's shows and albums (in this instance, The Rise and Autumn of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars and Station to Station).

However, in music, a persona does not ever mean a modify. Some authors have noted that Bob Dylan'southward charisma is due largely to his nearly stereotyped image, e'er with a harmonica, guitar, and with his distinctive pilus, nasal vocalism, and wear.^[7] The persona likewise serves to claim a right or to draw attention to a certain subject. That is the case of Marilyn Manson and his interest in decease and morbidity, and Madonna and her interest in sexuality.^[8]

The concept of persona in music was introduced by Edward T. Cone in his The Composer's Voice (1974), that dealt with the relation betwixt the lyrical self of a song'due south lyrics and its composer.^[9] The concept of persona can be used to refer also to an instrumentalist, like a pianist and his playing way,^[10] although the term is more than commonly used to refer to the vocalism and performance nuances of a vocalist in a studio anthology or in a live concert. Examples include Maria Bethânia, Elis Regina, Edith Piaf, Nina Simone, and also Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones, who takes the guise of Satan in the vocal "Sympathy for the Devil" or of a housewife in "Slave". Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles, presents a group persona,^[11] including the grapheme Billy Shears "played by" drummer Ringo Starr.^[12]

Each member of girl group the Spice Girls adopted personas based on nicknames given to them by the British press. According to Music Calendar week, these personas ("Ginger", "Posh", "Babe", "Sporty" and "Scary") played a key role in the group's international marketability.^[13] Spice Girl Melanie C afterward said the personas were "like a protection mechanism considering it was similar putting on this armour of being this, this character, rather than it actually being you."^[14]

Artists such as Lady Gaga, Nicki Minaj, and Beyoncé popularized the use of personae in the performance of pop music.^[fifteen] Jo Calderone, the persona of Lady Gaga, performed at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. Jo represents a drag male person persona, and is often used in the performance of her song, "You and I".^[16] Nicki Minaj, a bubblegum rapper, employs multiple personae, ranging from what she calls the Harajuku Barbie persona to Roman Zolanski, a Polish homosexual. The personae were heavily used in her sophomoric album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded.^{[17] [18]} The persona of Beyoncé Knowles, "Sasha Vehement", appears on the album I Am... Sasha Violent. According to Beyoncé, Sasha is her wilder side, emerging during high octane stage performances and serving every bit a sort of scapegoat for "unladylike" beliefs.^{[fifteen] [19]}

In marketing and user experience design [edit]

Personas are used in marketing (and ad) by creating a marketing persona that represents a grouping or segment of customers^[20] so that the visitor tin focus its efforts. For example, online advertising agencies tin monitor pictures, browsing history and the ads people surfing the internet generally select or choose to click, and based on that data they tailor their trade to a targeted audition or better draw a customer segments using a data driven arroyo.^[21]

Personas are also used in user experience pattern, known as user personas. Alan Cooper introduced personas in his book, The Inmates Are Running the Asylum (1998). Cooper play-acted fictitious characters in order to help solve design questions.^[22] These personas need to be based on user inquiry and can also be described in narrative class.^[23] Creating personas has become synonymous with creating a certificate, known as persona profile, instead of an "action of compassionate role-play".^[24]

See also [edit]

• Alter ego
• Character mask
• Costume
• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Doppelgänger
• Fursona, a term for a Furry'south persona
• Stage name
• Pseudonym
• Nom de plume
• Rebirth/Reincarnation

Citations [edit]

1. ^ "Persona", Merriam-Webster.com, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2020.
2. ^ Bishop, Paul (July xxx, 2007). Analytical Psychology and German Classical Aesthetics: Goethe, Schiller, and Jung, Book one: The Development of the Personality. Taylor & Francis. pp. 157–158. ISBN978-0-203-96088-2 . Retrieved August 27, 2013.
3. ^ Jung, Carl Gustav (1967). Two Essays on Analytical Psychology. Collected Works of C.M. Jung. Vol. 7. Princeton University Printing. ISBN978-0-691-09776-iii.
4. ^ ^{a b} Leary, Marker R. (October 19, 2011). "Personality and persona: personality processes in self presentation". Journal of Personality. 79 (half dozen): 1191–1218. doi:x.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00704.x. PMID 21204836.
5. ^ ^{a b} Jackson, Danielle (2017). Persona of Anime: A Depth Psychological Approach to the Persona and Individuation. ProQuest 1964903170.
6. ^ James E. Perone, The words and music of David Bowie (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), ppp. 39, 51, and 108. ISBN 0-275-99245-four
7. ^ Paul Williams, Bob Dylan: performing artist 1986-1990 & beyond : mind out of time (Omnibus Press, 2004), p.229. ISBN 1-84449-281-viii
8. ^ Bhesham R. Sharma, The death of art (Academy Press of America, 2006), p.fourteen. ISBN 0-7618-3466-4
9. ^ Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman, Poetry Into Song: Performance and Analysis of Lieder (Oxford Academy Press US, 2010), p.235. ISBN 0-19-975430-6
10. ^ Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman, p.106.
11. ^ Kenneth Womack and Todd F. Davis, Reading the Beatles: cultural studies, literary criticism, and the Fab Four (SUNY Press, 2006), p.21. ISBN 0-7914-6715-five
12. ^ Allan F. Moore, The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper'southward Lone Hearts Order Band (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.75. ISBN 0-521-57484-half-dozen
13. ^ Barrett, Christopher (Nov 10, 2007). "Spice Girls: From Wannabes to World Beaters". Music Week. p. thirteen. ISSN 0265-1548. Retrieved February 23, 2021 – via ProQuest.
14. ^ White, Amelia (April two, 2020). "Melanie C Imagines How The Spice Girls Would Fare In 2020". Love. Archived from the original on March xiv, 2021. Retrieved March xiv, 2021.
15. ^ ^{a b} Chace, Zoe. "Pop Personae: Why Do Some Women Perform In Graphic symbol?". NPR.com. NPR. Retrieved 19 Baronial 2012.
16. ^ Dinh, James (2011-09-28). "Lady Gaga Bends Gender, Minds With VMA Monologue". MTV. Retrieved 2011-09-28 .
17. ^ Lizzy Goodman (June xx, 2010). "Nicki Minaj, the Rapper With a Crush on Meryl Streep". New York magazine . Retrieved July 22, 2010.
18. ^ Dawson, Imani A. "Nicki Minaj Gets 'Revenge' With Eminem". Rap-Up.com. Vibe Media Grouping. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
19. ^ Jonathan, Cohen (November 26, 2008). "Beyoncé Starts 'Trigger-happy' Atop Album Chart". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010.
20. ^ Rind, Bonnie. "The Ability of the Persona". Retrieved May five, 2009. The identification and application of personas improved Evolution'southward efficiency and quality during the first development cycle in which they were used. In addition, the employ of personas significantly improved corporate cohesiveness, focus and decision making at every level.
21. ^ Jansen, Bernard; An, Jisun; Kwak, Haewoon; Salminen, Joni; Jung, Soon-gyo (2017). "Viewed past Likewise Many or Viewed Too Piffling: Using Information Dissemination for Audience Partitioning" (PDF). Association for Computer science and Technology Annual Coming together 2017 (ASIST2017): 189–196.
22. ^ Alan Cooper: "The origin of personas". Cooper Periodical, May 15, 2008.
23. ^ Kim Goodwin: "Getting from research to personas: harnessing the power of data". Cooper Periodical, May 15, 2008.
24. ^ Andrew Hinton: "Personas and the Role of Pattern Documentation." Boxes and Pointer, February 27th, 2008.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona

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